06-14: Copper Removal from Cooling Tower BlowdownsCooling tower blowdown discharge limits for inorganic metals are being lowered more and more. This paper will document a case of a large cooling tower application in the Gulf Coast that had a 17 parts per billion (ppb) discharge limit placed on it and how ultrafiltration membrane technology was used successfully to lower the cooling tower blowdown copper concentration from 400 ppb to less than 17 ppb.

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Inexpensive well water currently being withdrawn from the ground has been linked with a serious land subsidence problem

Cooling towers gained real popularity with the advent of World War II and the accompanying industrial expansion

a small fraction of the water droplets are entrained in the exiting airstream

coal-fired plants

The newly developed dynamic scale test apparatus quantitatively relates degree of scale inhibition to these factors

This standard sets forth specifications

This paper examines these emerging issues

NWD uses the multi purpose fill

The goal of this paper is to detail how the technology has evolved

Various solutions including the high velocity designs and the Kimre drift eliminator are analyzed for cost effectiveness

and facility managers of these types of structures