73-09: Sewage Plant Effluent as Cooling Tower Makeup -- A Case HistoryTreated municipal sewage has been a source of industrial water for more than 25 years. It was first used for one through cooling and quenching sprays in a steel mill. Initial attempts to use it as cooling tower makeup ere retarded by serious operating problems caused by excessive growth of bacterial slimes, development of calcium phosphate deposits, and formation of horrendous amounts of foam until it was found that these troubles could be minimized

and program director

A comparison of air cooled verses water cooled systems will be approached from several vantage points

process and environmental exposure conditions render the towers susceptible to corrosion of embedded steel reinforcing

of which 26 are existing and five are under construction

highly variable make-up water chemistry

This guideline offers recommendations for the use of Portland cement concrete in the use of mechanical draft cooling towers

A creative combination of electrochemical water treatment and chemicals was employed

A case study will be presented in this paper

both from process and makeup water sources

The additional requirements that current applications may require

Several failed columns and horizontal members were also damaged from ice

Cofimco extensive research and the application of aerodynamic concepts to fan blades trough computational fluid dynamic analysis (i