05-23: Hybrid Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower Solves a Water Availability ProblemThe owner operator of a Canadian air separation plant had planned to install an open cooling tower for summer heat rejection, and an air cooled heat exchanger for winter operation, because water for evaporation is unavailable at the plant site in the winter. By taking advantage of hybrid, wet dry closed circuit cooling tower technology, the owner is now able to handle the heat rejection requirements with a single piece of equipment that provides the

The basin water was circulated through temporary piping to the heat exchangers and back through temporary piping to the heat exchangers and back through the tower frill

calcium sequestration

The timely removal of such debris form the cooling towers is essential

Psychrometry

various pollution agencies have been setting standards on chromate discharge levels in cooling tower blowdown

This paper will discuss

This paper will discuss both the approach to the wastewater pretreatment and the chemical treatment used as the cooling tower

Our studies demonstrate a need to revisit current biocide dosing practices in order to meet the new guidelines for Legionella control in industrial water systems

Such legislation has resulted in the steady de-emphasis of chromate-based treatments in favor of more environmentally safe programs

EDF operates 32 cooling towers in France

The significant increase in heat load in cooling water systems in distilleries

water and energy are used in HVAC and industrial cooling processes